U.S. City Statistics: Sources and Reference Periods

Population: Census Population Estimates Program

Source: City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2025 . Retained file: sub-est2025.csv . Vintage 2025 was published May 14, 2026; the latest estimate refers to July 1, 2025. We select SUMLEV 162 PEP place records, join state and place codes, and calculate within-vintage changes and ranks. The six annual estimates and revised April 2020 base remain separate fields.

Survey: American Community Survey

Source: 2024 ACS table-based summary files . Data: official five-year detailed table files . Period: 2020–2024; publication January 29, 2026. Dollar figures use 2024 dollars. Estimates and 90% margins of error are joined by the Census geography identifier, preserving city, state and national records separately.

• B01001 and B01002: sex, age groups and median age.
• B02001 and B03003: race and separately Hispanic origin.
• B05002, C16001 and B07003: nativity, language at home and residential mobility.
• B11001, B11005 and B11016: household types, children and household size.
• B15003: educational attainment among people 25 and older.
• B19013, B19301 and B17001: income and poverty.
• B25001, B25002, B25003, B25064, B25077, B25070 and B25088: housing stock, occupancy, tenure, rent, value, rent burden and monthly owner costs.
• C24030 and C24010: industry and occupation among civilian employed residents age 16 and older.
• B23025, B08301, B08303 and B08201: resident employment, commute modes and time, and household vehicle availability.

C16001 supplies the summary place language categories, preserving its published universe and categories. B16001 and aggregate commute table B08013 are not used in this national release. Commute time is shown as the B08303 distribution rather than an unvalidated mean. Download file provenance and checksums .

Geographic files

2025 national place Gazetteer supplies land and water area and place internal points. 2024 state cartographic boundaries supply the simplified locator background. Maps are approximate displays, not legal boundary or navigation records.

Bedroom rents and surrounding geography

ACS table B25031: median gross rent by bedrooms uses the same 2020–2024 five-year period and January 29, 2026 release as the other housing tables. Exact place GEOIDs retain the original estimates and 90% margins of error for studios through five or more bedrooms. Survey rents are expressed in 2024 dollars; open-ended medians remain ranges.

County associations come from SUMLEV 157 county place parts in the retained PEP Vintage 2025 file, with January 1, 2025 boundaries. A place can cross several county boundaries. County FIPS codes are matched to OMB/Census July 2023 CBSA delineations, List 1 for metropolitan and micropolitan context. Missing matches are labeled, because county-code changes and areas outside a CBSA can both cause gaps. These associations do not replace place-level statistics with county or metro totals.

Historical climate: NOAA station normals

NOAA U.S. Climate Normals provides 1991–2020 monthly average daily high and low temperatures and precipitation totals. We retain corrected version 1.0.1, the original station inventory, temperature and customary-unit precipitation archives, source values, measurement/completeness flags and years used. Temperatures are Fahrenheit and precipitation is inches.

A profile displays the nearest U.S. station within 25 km of its Census internal point only when all three variables for all 12 months have NOAA’s standard completeness flag. This supplies nearby station context for 9,111 covered places, rather than a citywide climate average or a weather forecast. Other places explicitly lack a qualifying nearby station. Station names, coordinates, elevations and distances accompany the data. The supplemental dataset download preserves original values, native identifiers, periods, matching details and upstream checksums for bedroom rents, geography and climate.

Property taxes and jobs located in each place

Property taxes come from ACS 2020–2024 table B25103, median real estate taxes paid by owner-occupied households, overall and with or without a mortgage. Place, state and U.S. records keep their 90% margins of error. Census codes for open-ended ranges ($10,000 or more; less than $200) are displayed as ranges and never ranked as exact values.

Jobs located in each place come from the Census LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) 8.4 workplace area characteristics: all jobs (private, state and local government and federal civilian), all workers, second-quarter reference date. We sum 2020 census blocks to places with the official LODES geography crosswalk, which uses 2024 TIGER/Line places; blocks nest within places, so nothing is apportioned. The latest year is 2023, except Michigan (2021, its latest supplied year); Alaska has supplied no workplace data since 2016 and is omitted. 2019 is the comparison year. LODES excludes self-employment, military and informal work and adds confidentiality noise, so small counts are imprecise. Eight places whose codes are not in the 2024 crosswalk, such as recent incorporations, are left without jobs rather than matched by name. The economy dataset download keeps the values, field order, years and upstream checksums.

Housing stock, incomes, insurance and internet

Cost-of-living and demographic pages add eight ACS 2020–2024 five-year detailed tables, retrieved from the Census table-based summary file for every covered place, state and the U.S.: year structure built (B25034) and its median (B25035), units in structure (B25024), bedrooms (B25041), household income brackets in 2024 dollars (B19001), health insurance coverage (B27010; uninsured cells for each age group), internet subscriptions (B28002) and veteran status (B21001). Median year built is open-ended: the source codes “1939 or earlier” and “2020 or later” are shown as ranges, not years. The housing and household dataset keeps the published strings, kept cells, URLs and checksums.

Rights, review and additional sources

The underlying federal Census statistics and geographic files are public-domain government material. Attribute Census, identify the period and preserve source definitions when reusing data. Original site maps and exported charts use CC BY 4.0 with attribution to US Cities Info; editorial text and the identity artwork are subject to the terms of use.

Files and reference links were checked September 30, 2026. PEP city releases and annual ACS five-year releases are reviewed on their source schedule; links and reader reports are reviewed monthly. Address-check sections link official FEMA, NCES and FCC tools; the site does not assign schools or publish address-level hazard or broadband measurements. BLS occupational wages, BEA prices, HUD benchmarks and FBI reporting still await separate geographic validation.

Read transformation and uncertainty methods, view the updates log or prepare a source correction.