Richmond, Virginia demographics

Richmond, VA demographics: median age 34.7; 45.6% of adults 25+ hold a bachelor’s degree. Age, race, households, languages and education, ACS 2020–2024 with margins of error.

ACS 2020–2024 · Richmond city, Virginia · Incorporated city · GEOID 5167000. The survey estimates a population of 229,359 for its five-year window. This is separate from the annual July 2025 population estimate on the city overview.

Median age in Richmond is 34.7 years, with a 90% margin of error of 0.1 years. There are 104,321 households (±766). Age and household distributions show how these totals are composed; they do not establish which neighborhood suits a particular person.

Every count and share is an estimate. “±” is a 90% margin of error (MOE); pp means percentage points. Derived shares use the category count divided by the named universe. Aggregated category MOEs and percentage MOEs are approximate. A margin larger than half its estimate is flagged as low precision. Blank source uncertainty is shown as unavailable, never zero.

Age distribution and sex

City, state and U.S. estimates · ACS 2020–2024
Measure / survey universe	City estimate ± MOE	State estimate ± MOE	U.S. estimate ± MOE
Median age Total population · years	34.7 ±0.1	39.0 ±0.1	38.9 ±0.1

Age groups · B01001 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 229,359
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Under 18	40,196 ±1,088	17.5% MOE unavailable	21.7%	22.0%
18–34	75,790 ±797	33.0% MOE unavailable	22.8%	22.8%
35–64	81,129 ±1,434	35.4% MOE unavailable	38.8%	38.0%
65 and older	32,244 ±1,101	14.1% MOE unavailable	16.7%	17.2%

Sex categories as published by ACS · B01001 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 229,359
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Male	108,768 ±190	47.4% MOE unavailable	49.4%	49.5%
Female	120,591 ±190	52.6% MOE unavailable	50.6%	50.5%

The age groups are mutually exclusive and cover the entire population. The sex categories follow this ACS table’s published classification; they are not a survey of gender identity.

Race and Hispanic origin

Race · B02001 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 229,359
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
White alone	98,088 ±1,029	42.8% MOE unavailable	60.2%	61.0%
Black or African American alone	93,993 ±1,213	41.0% MOE unavailable	18.6%	12.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone	569 ±284	0.2% MOE unavailable	0.4%	0.9%
Asian alone	4,857 ±326	2.1% MOE unavailable	6.9%	6.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone	132 ±41	0.1% MOE unavailable	0.1%	0.2%
Some other race alone	13,172 ±1,304	5.7% MOE unavailable	4.4%	7.1%
Two or more races	18,548 ±1,801	8.1% MOE unavailable	9.5%	12.6%

Hispanic or Latino origin · B03003 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 229,359
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Not Hispanic or Latino	204,820 MOE unavailable	89.3% MOE unavailable	89.0%	80.7%
Hispanic or Latino	24,539 MOE unavailable	10.7% MOE unavailable	11.0%	19.3%

Hispanic origin and race are separate questions. People of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race and appear in both tables. Do not add the Hispanic share to race shares. Race alone and two-or-more-race groups are the mutually exclusive categories of the race table.

Household types, children and living alone

Household types · B11001 · ACS 2020–2024 Households: 104,321
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Married-couple family	25,638 ±1,170	24.6% ±1.1 pp	48.7%	46.9%
Other family: male householder, no spouse present	4,840 ±621	4.6% ±0.6 pp	4.6%	5.1%
Other family: female householder, no spouse present	15,256 ±857	14.6% ±0.8 pp	11.6%	12.2%
Nonfamily: householder living alone	44,982 ±1,268	43.1% ±1.2 pp	28.5%	28.7%
Nonfamily: householder not living alone	13,605 ±730	13.0% ±0.7 pp	6.7%	7.0%

Households with children · B11005 · ACS 2020–2024 Households: 104,321
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Households with people under 18	20,936 ±904	20.1% ±0.9 pp	30.2%	29.5%
Households without people under 18	83,385 ±1,080	79.9% ±0.9 pp	69.8%	70.5%

Household size · B11016 · ACS 2020–2024 Households: 104,321
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
One-person nonfamily households	44,982 ±1,268	43.1% ±1.2 pp	28.5%	28.7%
Two-person households	34,447 ±1,199	33.0% ±1.1 pp	34.0%	33.8%
Three-person households	12,033 ±842	11.5% ±0.8 pp	15.7%	15.3%
Four-person households	8,237 ±716	7.9% ±0.7 pp	12.9%	12.6%
Five-person households	2,885 ±433	2.8% ±0.4 pp	5.6%	5.9%
Six-person households	1,016 ±282	1.0% ±0.3 pp	2.1%	2.2%
Seven or more people	721 ±285	0.7% ±0.3 pp	1.2%	1.4%

A family household contains related people under the Census definition. A nonfamily household can contain one person or unrelated people sharing a home. Households with children can also appear in the household-type and size tables, so those tables must not be added together. Household estimates exclude people living in group quarters from the household universe.

Nativity and languages spoken at home

Nativity · B05002 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 229,359
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Native	210,083 ±1,335	91.6% MOE unavailable	86.9%	85.9%
Foreign born	19,276 ±1,335	8.4% MOE unavailable	13.1%	14.1%

Language spoken at home · C16001 · ACS 2020–2024 Population age 5 and older: 215,961
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
English only	189,871 ±1,238	87.9% ±0.6 pp	82.6%	77.7%
Spanish	18,073 ±905	8.4% ±0.4 pp	7.9%	13.6%
French, Haitian, or Cajun	1,065 ±379	0.5% ±0.2 pp	0.5%	0.7%
German or other West Germanic	486 ±168	0.2% ±0.1 pp	0.3%	0.5%
Russian, Polish, or other Slavic	372 ±153	0.2% ±0.1 pp	0.4%	0.7%
Other Indo-European	1,953 ±371	0.9% ±0.2 pp	2.6%	2.0%
Korean	251 ±116	0.1% ±0.1 pp	0.7%	0.3%
Chinese, including Mandarin and Cantonese	671 ±196	0.3% ±0.1 pp	0.7%	1.1%
Vietnamese	263 ±104	0.1% ±0.0 pp	0.6%	0.5%
Tagalog, including Filipino	269 ±165 · low precision	0.1% ±0.1 pp · low precision	0.6%	0.6%
Other Asian and Pacific Island	655 ±226	0.3% ±0.1 pp	1.2%	1.1%
Arabic	616 ±226	0.3% ±0.1 pp	0.8%	0.5%
Other and unspecified	1,416 ±595	0.7% ±0.3 pp	1.1%	0.8%

Foreign born means not a U.S. citizen at birth; it includes naturalized citizens. Language categories describe speech at home among people age five and older. A language other than English at home does not establish that someone cannot speak English. This city page uses the published C16001 summary categories because the more detailed B16001 table does not provide these city records in this release.

Educational attainment

Highest completed education · B15003 · ACS 2020–2024 Population age 25 and older: 163,087
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Less than high school graduate	15,974 ±1,276	9.8% ±0.8 pp	8.4%	10.4%
High school graduate or equivalency	34,679 ±1,647	21.3% ±1.0 pp	23.9%	26.0%
Some college, no degree	29,348 ±1,532	18.0% ±0.9 pp	17.7%	19.1%
Associate’s degree	8,661 ±843	5.3% ±0.5 pp	7.8%	8.8%
Bachelor’s degree	43,633 ±1,295	26.8% ±0.8 pp	23.7%	21.6%
Graduate or professional degree	30,792 ±1,263	18.9% ±0.8 pp	18.5%	14.1%

The denominator excludes residents under 25. Each person is counted in the highest attainment category they completed. This table does not measure the quality of local schools or the education level of every current student.

Residence one year earlier

Geographic mobility · B07003 · ACS 2020–2024 Population age 1 and older: 226,518
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Virginia	U.S.
Same house	184,856 ±2,346	81.6% ±1.0 pp	86.9%	87.7%
Moved within same county	16,289 ±1,362	7.2% ±0.6 pp	4.6%	6.3%
Moved from a different county in the same state	17,407 ±1,379	7.7% ±0.6 pp	4.7%	3.1%
Moved from a different state	6,564 ±834	2.9% ±0.4 pp	3.1%	2.3%
Moved from abroad	1,402 ±434	0.6% ±0.2 pp	0.7%	0.6%

These are respondents’ residence patterns one year before their survey response, pooled across the five-year window. They are not a net migration count for 2025. A person can move to a different house within the same city or county; moves within the same county should not automatically be interpreted as new arrivals to the city.

Health insurance, internet access and veterans

8.8% of Richmond residents (±0.7 percentage points) had no health insurance coverage when surveyed, compared with 6.9% in Virginia and 8.4% nationally. 86.2% of households subscribe to broadband of any type, including cellular data plans. A subscription is not the same as available service: the FCC National Broadband Map shows providers at a specific address.

City, state and U.S. shares · ACS 2020–2024
Measure	Richmond	Virginia	U.S.	Compared with Virginia
People without health insurance Civilian noninstitutionalized population	8.8% ±0.7 pp	6.9%	8.4%	Higher
Households with a broadband subscription Households	86.2% ±0.9 pp	91.0%	91.0%	Lower
Veterans Civilian population age 18 and older	5.4% ±0.4 pp	9.4%	6.2%	Lower

Reading and reusing the estimates

The Census table links above lead to the original detailed tables. Counts, source universes and uncertainty are retained in the source observation download for Richmond . Compare these figures with the same survey window; do not compare one city’s five-year estimate with another city’s annual estimate as though they measured the same period. For methods, see uncertainty and denominator calculations.

Read Richmond housing and cost context or return to the city profile.