Birmingham, Alabama demographics

Birmingham, AL demographics: median age 35.6; 31.1% of adults 25+ hold a bachelor’s degree. Age, race, households, languages and education, ACS 2020–2024 with margins of error.

ACS 2020–2024 · Birmingham city, Alabama · Incorporated city · GEOID 0107000. The survey estimates a population of 198,173 for its five-year window. This is separate from the annual July 2025 population estimate on the city overview.

Median age in Birmingham is 35.6 years, with a 90% margin of error of 0.7 years. There are 88,788 households (±1,539). Age and household distributions show how these totals are composed; they do not establish which neighborhood suits a particular person.

Every count and share is an estimate. “±” is a 90% margin of error (MOE); pp means percentage points. Derived shares use the category count divided by the named universe. Aggregated category MOEs and percentage MOEs are approximate. A margin larger than half its estimate is flagged as low precision. Blank source uncertainty is shown as unavailable, never zero.

Age distribution and sex

City, state and U.S. estimates · ACS 2020–2024
Measure / survey universe	City estimate ± MOE	State estimate ± MOE	U.S. estimate ± MOE
Median age Total population · years	35.6 ±0.7	39.3 ±0.2	38.9 ±0.1

Age groups · B01001 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 198,173
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Under 18	37,436 ±1,766	18.9% ±0.9 pp	22.2%	22.0%
18–34	59,997 ±2,099	30.3% ±1.1 pp	22.4%	22.8%
35–64	68,254 ±2,097	34.4% ±1.1 pp	37.6%	38.0%
65 and older	32,486 ±1,351	16.4% ±0.7 pp	17.8%	17.2%

Sex categories as published by ACS · B01001 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 198,173
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Male	92,859 ±1,429	46.9% ±0.7 pp	48.6%	49.5%
Female	105,314 ±1,412	53.1% ±0.7 pp	51.4%	50.5%

The age groups are mutually exclusive and cover the entire population. The sex categories follow this ACS table’s published classification; they are not a survey of gender identity.

Race and Hispanic origin

Race · B02001 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 198,173
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
White alone	49,237 ±1,989	24.8% ±1.0 pp	64.6%	61.0%
Black or African American alone	132,516 ±2,384	66.9% ±1.2 pp	25.8%	12.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone	169 ±88 · low precision	0.1% ±0.0 pp · low precision	0.5%	0.9%
Asian alone	2,735 ±421	1.4% ±0.2 pp	1.5%	6.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone	121 ±101 · low precision	0.1% ±0.1 pp · low precision	0.1%	0.2%
Some other race alone	4,982 ±1,490	2.5% ±0.8 pp	2.3%	7.1%
Two or more races	8,413 ±1,554	4.2% ±0.8 pp	5.3%	12.6%

Hispanic or Latino origin · B03003 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 198,173
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Not Hispanic or Latino	188,746 ±1,601	95.2% ±0.7 pp	94.4%	80.7%
Hispanic or Latino	9,427 ±1,418	4.8% ±0.7 pp	5.6%	19.3%

Hispanic origin and race are separate questions. People of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race and appear in both tables. Do not add the Hispanic share to race shares. Race alone and two-or-more-race groups are the mutually exclusive categories of the race table.

Household types, children and living alone

Household types · B11001 · ACS 2020–2024 Households: 88,788
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Married-couple family	19,272 ±1,118	21.7% ±1.2 pp	46.1%	46.9%
Other family: male householder, no spouse present	4,502 ±507	5.1% ±0.6 pp	4.4%	5.1%
Other family: female householder, no spouse present	18,404 ±944	20.7% ±1.0 pp	14.0%	12.2%
Nonfamily: householder living alone	39,726 ±1,875	44.7% ±2.0 pp	30.8%	28.7%
Nonfamily: householder not living alone	6,884 ±764	7.8% ±0.8 pp	4.7%	7.0%

Households with children · B11005 · ACS 2020–2024 Households: 88,788
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Households with people under 18	18,249 ±837	20.6% ±0.9 pp	29.0%	29.5%
Households without people under 18	70,539 ±1,956	79.4% ±1.7 pp	71.0%	70.5%

Household size · B11016 · ACS 2020–2024 Households: 88,788
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
One-person nonfamily households	39,726 ±1,875	44.7% ±2.0 pp	30.8%	28.7%
Two-person households	27,964 ±1,471	31.5% ±1.6 pp	34.5%	33.8%
Three-person households	10,453 ±844	11.8% ±0.9 pp	15.4%	15.3%
Four-person households	6,262 ±655	7.1% ±0.7 pp	11.6%	12.6%
Five-person households	2,525 ±420	2.8% ±0.5 pp	5.1%	5.9%
Six-person households	1,243 ±424	1.4% ±0.5 pp	1.7%	2.2%
Seven or more people	615 ±165	0.7% ±0.2 pp	0.9%	1.4%

A family household contains related people under the Census definition. A nonfamily household can contain one person or unrelated people sharing a home. Households with children can also appear in the household-type and size tables, so those tables must not be added together. Household estimates exclude people living in group quarters from the household universe.

Nativity and languages spoken at home

Nativity · B05002 · ACS 2020–2024 Total population: 198,173
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Native	188,952 ±1,331	95.3% ±0.6 pp	96.0%	85.9%
Foreign born	9,221 ±1,155	4.7% ±0.6 pp	4.0%	14.1%

Language spoken at home · C16001 · ACS 2020–2024 Population age 5 and older: 188,474
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
English only	175,487 ±1,861	93.1% ±0.8 pp	94.0%	77.7%
Spanish	7,711 ±1,161	4.1% ±0.6 pp	3.9%	13.6%
French, Haitian, or Cajun	576 ±269	0.3% ±0.1 pp	0.1%	0.7%
German or other West Germanic	434 ±163	0.2% ±0.1 pp	0.2%	0.5%
Russian, Polish, or other Slavic	149 ±106 · low precision	0.1% ±0.1 pp · low precision	0.1%	0.7%
Other Indo-European	1,264 ±302	0.7% ±0.2 pp	0.4%	2.0%
Korean	91 ±102 · low precision	0.0% ±0.1 pp · low precision	0.2%	0.3%
Chinese, including Mandarin and Cantonese	679 ±280	0.4% ±0.1 pp	0.2%	1.1%
Vietnamese	153 ±110 · low precision	0.1% ±0.1 pp · low precision	0.2%	0.5%
Tagalog, including Filipino	90 ±75 · low precision	0.0% ±0.0 pp · low precision	0.1%	0.6%
Other Asian and Pacific Island	347 ±182 · low precision	0.2% ±0.1 pp · low precision	0.2%	1.1%
Arabic	436 ±270 · low precision	0.2% ±0.1 pp · low precision	0.1%	0.5%
Other and unspecified	1,057 ±453	0.6% ±0.2 pp	0.2%	0.8%

Foreign born means not a U.S. citizen at birth; it includes naturalized citizens. Language categories describe speech at home among people age five and older. A language other than English at home does not establish that someone cannot speak English. This city page uses the published C16001 summary categories because the more detailed B16001 table does not provide these city records in this release.

Educational attainment

Highest completed education · B15003 · ACS 2020–2024 Population age 25 and older: 136,711
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Less than high school graduate	14,988 ±1,080	11.0% ±0.8 pp	11.4%	10.4%
High school graduate or equivalency	38,744 ±1,893	28.3% ±1.3 pp	30.3%	26.0%
Some college, no degree	29,126 ±1,498	21.3% ±1.1 pp	20.8%	19.1%
Associate’s degree	11,376 ±1,143	8.3% ±0.8 pp	9.1%	8.8%
Bachelor’s degree	25,676 ±1,339	18.8% ±0.9 pp	17.3%	21.6%
Graduate or professional degree	16,801 ±1,127	12.3% ±0.8 pp	11.1%	14.1%

The denominator excludes residents under 25. Each person is counted in the highest attainment category they completed. This table does not measure the quality of local schools or the education level of every current student.

Residence one year earlier

Geographic mobility · B07003 · ACS 2020–2024 Population age 1 and older: 196,631
Category	Count ± MOE	Share ± MOE (pp)	Alabama	U.S.
Same house	162,381 ±2,461	82.6% ±1.2 pp	88.3%	87.7%
Moved within same county	22,267 ±2,179	11.3% ±1.1 pp	6.1%	6.3%
Moved from a different county in the same state	5,368 ±768	2.7% ±0.4 pp	2.9%	3.1%
Moved from a different state	5,013 ±690	2.5% ±0.4 pp	2.4%	2.3%
Moved from abroad	1,602 ±623	0.8% ±0.3 pp	0.3%	0.6%

These are respondents’ residence patterns one year before their survey response, pooled across the five-year window. They are not a net migration count for 2025. A person can move to a different house within the same city or county; moves within the same county should not automatically be interpreted as new arrivals to the city.

Health insurance, internet access and veterans

12.8% of Birmingham residents (±0.7 percentage points) had no health insurance coverage when surveyed, compared with 9.2% in Alabama and 8.4% nationally. 87.0% of households subscribe to broadband of any type, including cellular data plans. A subscription is not the same as available service: the FCC National Broadband Map shows providers at a specific address.

City, state and U.S. shares · ACS 2020–2024
Measure	Birmingham	Alabama	U.S.	Compared with Alabama
People without health insurance Civilian noninstitutionalized population	12.8% ±0.7 pp	9.2%	8.4%	Higher
Households with a broadband subscription Households	87.0% ±0.8 pp	87.5%	91.0%	Not statistically different
Veterans Civilian population age 18 and older	5.2% ±0.5 pp	7.7%	6.2%	Lower

Reading and reusing the estimates

The Census table links above lead to the original detailed tables. Counts, source universes and uncertainty are retained in the source observation download for Birmingham . Compare these figures with the same survey window; do not compare one city’s five-year estimate with another city’s annual estimate as though they measured the same period. For methods, see uncertainty and denominator calculations.

Read Birmingham housing and cost context or return to the city profile.